Open stack serivce user admin vs member

member can access to all services as well:

If a User Has the member Role — What Can They Access?

🔑 Access is determined by two things:

1. ✅ What role the user has (e.g., member, reader, admin)

2. ✅ In which project the role is granted

So, if a user has the member role in a project — like:

bash
openstack role add --project demo --user myuser member

That user:

• ✅ Can access any service as long as the service respects the member role

• ❌ Does not need a separate user per service

 




member Role

The member role is intended for regular project users — like developers, operators, or end users who need to work with cloud resources.

✅ What member Can Do:

• Launch/manage instances (Nova)

• Create/delete volumes (Cinder)

• Upload/download images (Glance)

• Create/manage networks and ports (Neutron)

• Access most features within the scope of their project

❌ What member Cannot Do:

• View or modify other projects

• Create new users, roles, or trusts

• Access system-level or admin-only API endpoints

• Manage service-level configuration or quota overrides

• See resources owned by other projects

---

🔹 admin Role

The admin role gives elevated privileges within a project and (depending on policy config) can also allow system-level administration.

✅ What admin Can Do:

Everything member can do plus:

• View/manage all resources in the project (regardless of owner)

• Update quotas for the project

• Access admin-only API extensions

• Configure trusted images or flavors

• Sometimes access cross-project or global data (depending on policy)

🔥 Optionally: System Scope

In newer OpenStack RBAC (if enabled), you can assign system-scoped admin role:

bash
openstack role add --user bob --system all admin

This gives the user full platform-level administrative privileges, across all projects.

Openstack trust workflow

Your Flow — Reviewed and Corrected

Step 1: Real User Gets Domain-Scoped Token

✅ Yes. This allows you to query projects the user can access:

bash

GET /v3/auth/projects

---

Step 2: You Identify the Target Project ID

✅ You now know which project the trust will apply to.

Step 3:

----------------------------------------------

1. You:

   • Create services and endpoints.

   • Create a service user (let’s say super-service) with admin role in a project (service or admin).

   • This user can access all services — so it's a powerful identity.

2. Then, you:

   • Create a trust:

     • trustor_user_id = service user (the admin-level one)

     • trustee_user_id = real user (e.g., myuser)

     • impersonation=true

     • roles = admin or member

     • project_id = typically the service project

3. Your real user (myuser) uses this trust to request a token.

✅ Result: myuser gets a token that impersonates the service user, scoped to the service project, with access to all services the service user has.

Then obtain a project scoped token for my user

{

  "auth": {

    "identity": {

      "methods": ["token"],

      "token": {

        "id": "<token-from-myuser>"

      }

    },

    "scope": {

      "OS-TRUST:trust": {

        "id": "<trust-id>"

      }

    }

  }

} 

Open stack how project, service, service user work

 

The service you create in Keystone is just metadata:

• It's basically: “Hey Keystone, here's a service called nova, its type is compute, and here's where to find its API endpoints.”

The actual ability to use a service depends on roles in a project:

• For example, the admin user might have the admin role in the admin project.

• When admin authenticates, it gets a token scoped to the admin project and can use it to access any service endpoint (like nova) as long as that service respects those roles.

The nova service checks Keystone tokens:

• When you send a request to the Nova API (like nova list), the token is included.

• Nova sends the token to Keystone for validation.

• Keystone responds with: "Yes, this user is admin in project admin with admin role."

• Based on that, Nova allows or denies the request.

dmin user does not need a separate token for every service. Here's the full picture:

---

🔐 OpenStack Tokens Are Project-Scoped, Not Service-Scoped

When a user (like admin) authenticates via Keystone:

bash

openstack token issue

They receive a Keystone token that's:

• Scoped to a specific project (e.g., admin project)

• Valid for any service the user has access to under that project

---

✅ That One Token Works Across All Services

As long as the token is valid and the user has the right roles in that project, it can be used for:

• Nova (compute)

• Glance (images)

• Neutron (network)

• Cinder (block storage)

• Any custom service you register

Example: after sourcing admin-openrc.sh, the admin user can run:

bash

openstack server list         # talks to Nova
openstack image list          # talks to Glance
openstack network list        # talks to Neutron

All using one token under the hood.

OpenStack token flow

 any request that is not using authenticate['passoword'] in request body all required x-auth-token header for a domain scoped or project scoped token of the user 

SPA / Angular will forcefully set browser url

Let me know what tech you're using (React, Vue, etc.) — I can give you an exact code fix.

You said:

if same angular spa mapped into two different directory it will use second directory as url

ChatGPT said:

Yes — if you serve the same Angular SPA from two different URLs (e.g., /folder1 and /folder2), and both are mapped to the same physical files, then:

✅ Angular will use the URL you loaded the app from as its base

So if you open:

bash
http://localhost:8080/folder2

Then Angular will (by default) treat /folder2 as the app's root — not /folder1.

 So here’s what controls Angular’s behavior:

1. <base href="..."> in index.html

This is injected during build. By default, Angular uses:

html
<base href="/">

But if you built it like:

bash
ng build --base-href /folder1/

Then the output will contain:

html
<base href="/folder1/">

And now if you serve that same app at /folder2, Angular will say:

“Whoa — I’m at /folder2, but I think I belong in /folder1,” and it'll start rewriting URLs or routing weirdly.

---

🧼 Fix: Use relative base href or match it dynamically

✅ Option 1: Build once per mount path (cleanest)

If you want to serve Angular at both /folder1 and /folder2, the most correct approach is to build two versions:

bash
ng build --base-href /folder1/ --output-path dist/folder1
ng build --base-href /folder2/ --output-path dist/folder2

Then serve dist/folder1 at /folder1 and dist/folder2 at /folder2

---

✅ Option 2: Use relative base href (experimental)

In index.html:

html
<base href="./">

This makes Angular use the current path (more flexible), but it can break lazy loading or deep routing depending on your setup.

store saml initial request url with session

 

Install Gorilla Sessions

First, install the Gorilla Sessions package:

bash
go get github.com/gorilla/sessions

---

2️⃣ Updated Implementation: Using Sessions Instead of Cookies

We'll modify the authentication middleware to:

• Store the original request URL in a session.
• Retrieve it after authentication.
• Redirect the user back to the original request.

📝 Full Go Code with Session Storage

go
package main

import (
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/tls"
    "encoding/gob"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"

    "github.com/crewjam/saml/samlsp"
    "github.com/gorilla/sessions"
)

// Create a session store (secure it with a secret key)
var sessionStore = sessions.NewCookieStore([]byte("super-secret-key"))

// Store original request in session before authentication
func storeOriginalRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    session, _ := sessionStore.Get(r, "saml-session")
    session.Values["original_request"] = r.URL.String()
    session.Save(r, w)
}

// Retrieve original request after authentication
func getOriginalRequest(r *http.Request) string {
    session, _ := sessionStore.Get(r, "saml-session")
    if originalURL, ok := session.Values["original_request"].(string); ok {
        return originalURL
    }
    return "/"
}

// Custom middleware to store and restore original request
func authMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        storeOriginalRequest(w, r)
        samlMiddleware.RequireAccount(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            http.Redirect(w, r, getOriginalRequest(r), http.StatusFound)
        })).ServeHTTP(w, r)
    })
}

var samlMiddleware *samlsp.Middleware

func main() {
    // Register `string` type for session storage
    gob.Register(map[string]interface{}{})

    // Load SP certificate & key
    keyPair, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair("sp-cert.pem", "sp-key.pem")
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to load key pair: %v", err)
    }

    spEntityID := "https://myservice.example.com/metadata"
    spACSURL := "https://myservice.example.com/saml/acs"

    samlMiddleware, err = samlsp.New(samlsp.Options{
        URL:         *urlMustParse(spEntityID),
        Key:         keyPair.PrivateKey.(*rsa.PrivateKey),
        Certificate: keyPair.Leaf,
        IDPMetadata: getIDPMetadata(),
    })
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to create SAML middleware: %v", err)
    }

    // Secure route using session-based request storage
    http.Handle("/secure", authMiddleware(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        user, _ := samlsp.SessionFromContext(r.Context())
        w.Write([]byte("Hello, " + user.(samlsp.Session).GetNameID() + "!"))
    })))

    http.Handle("/saml/", samlMiddleware)

    log.Println("Server started at :8000")
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8000", nil))
}

func urlMustParse(raw string) *url.URL {
    u, err := url.Parse(raw)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Invalid URL: %v", err)
    }
    return u
}

---

3️⃣ Why Use Sessions Instead of Cookies?

✅ More Secure:

• Session data is not exposed in the browser.
• Cookies can be intercepted or tampered with.

✅ Better for Large Data:

• Query parameters have size limits.
• Cookies have size limits (~4KB per domain).
• Session storage can hold more data.

✅ Supports Encrypted Storage:

• Gorilla Sessions supports secure, encrypted storage.

---

4️⃣ Testing the Flow

Step 1: User Visits a Protected Page

bash
GET /secure

🚀 What Happens?

• authMiddleware stores /secure in the session.

crewJawSAML middleware

 

Understanding authMiddleware and samlMiddleware in SAML SP Authentication

In our Go SAML SP setup, we have two middlewares that handle authentication:

1. samlMiddleware (from samlsp.New) → Handles SAML authentication, session management, and IdP interactions.
2. authMiddleware (custom middleware) → Stores and restores the original request before authentication.

---

1️⃣ samlMiddleware – Handles SAML Authentication

This middleware is created using:

go
samlMiddleware, err := samlsp.New(samlsp.Options{
    URL:         *urlMustParse(spEntityID),
    Key:         keyPair.PrivateKey.(*rsa.PrivateKey),
    Certificate: keyPair.Leaf,
    IDPMetadata: getIDPMetadata(),
})

✅ What it does:

• Redirects users to the IdP if not authenticated.
• Validates SAML assertions after login.
• Stores user session (e.g., NameID, attributes).
• Provides an endpoint /saml/ to handle SAML requests & responses.

🔹 How it works in routing:

go
http.Handle("/saml/", samlMiddleware) // Handles SAML authentication flow

---

2️⃣ authMiddleware – Stores and Restores Original Request

This is a custom middleware that:

1. Saves the original request URL before redirecting to the IdP.
2. Passes control to samlMiddleware for authentication.
3. After successful login, redirects the user back to the stored URL.

✅ Code:

go
authMiddleware := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    storeOriginalRequest(w, r) // Save original request
    samlMiddleware.RequireAccount(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        http.Redirect(w, r, getOriginalRequest(r), http.StatusFound)
    })).ServeHTTP(w, r)
})

🔹 What it does step-by-step:

1. Intercepts the request before authentication.
2. Stores the original request URL (so we can return after login).
3. Passes the request to samlMiddleware.RequireAccount, which:
   • Redirects to the IdP if the user is not authenticated.
   • Lets the request pass if the user is authenticated.
4. After successful authentication, redirects back to the original request.

🔹 How it works in routing:

go
http.Handle("/secure", authMiddleware) // Protects "/secure"




FUll implementation 



Updated Project Structure
bash
/saml-sp-project
│── main.go              # Entry point, initializes the Gin server
│── sp.go                # SAML SP setup (Service Provider initialization)
│── auth_middleware.go   # Middleware for authentication
│── middleware.go        # Handles session storage (original request)
│── sp-cert.pem          # SP X.509 Certificate
│── sp-key.pem           # SP Private Key
│── go.mod               # Go module file
│── go.sum               # Go dependencies


1️⃣ Install Dependencies
First, make sure you have Gin and Gorilla Sessions installed:
bash
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
go get github.com/gorilla/sessions
go get github.com/crewjam/saml/samlsp


2️⃣ sp.go – SAML Service Provider Setup
This file initializes the SAML SP, loads the certificates, and defines the IdP metadata.
📝 sp.go
go
package main

import (
    "crypto/rsa"
    "crypto/tls"
    "crypto/x509"
    "encoding/pem"
    "log"

    "github.com/crewjam/saml"
    "github.com/crewjam/saml/samlsp"
)

// Load X.509 Certificate and Private Key
func loadCertificate(certPath, keyPath string) (*x509.Certificate, *rsa.PrivateKey, error) {
    certPEM, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certPath, keyPath)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, nil, err
    }

    certBlock, _ := pem.Decode(certPEM.Certificate[0])
    if certBlock == nil {
        return nil, nil, err
    }

    cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(certBlock.Bytes)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, nil, err
    }

    key, ok := certPEM.PrivateKey.(*rsa.PrivateKey)
    if !ok {
        return nil, nil, err
    }

    return cert, key, nil
}

// Define IdP Metadata
func getIDPMetadata() *saml.EntityDescriptor {
    idpCertPEM := `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIC+TCCAeGgAwIBAgIJAPoVnx9vAgxwMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMFcxCzAJBgNV
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----`

    return &saml.EntityDescriptor{
        EntityID: "https://idp.example.com",
        IDPSSODescriptor: &saml.IDPSSODescriptor{
            SingleSignOnServices: []saml.Endpoint{
                { Binding: saml.HTTPRedirectBinding, Location: "https://idp.example.com/sso/redirect" },
                { Binding: saml.HTTPPostBinding, Location: "https://idp.example.com/sso/post" },
            },
            SingleLogoutServices: []saml.Endpoint{
                { Binding: saml.HTTPRedirectBinding, Location: "https://idp.example.com/slo/redirect" },
                { Binding: saml.HTTPPostBinding, Location: "https://idp.example.com/slo/post" },
            },
            KeyDescriptors: []saml.KeyDescriptor{
                {
                    Use: "signing",
                    KeyInfo: saml.KeyInfo{
                        XMLName:  saml.XMLName{Local: "ds:KeyInfo"},
                        X509Data: &saml.X509Data{X509Certificates: []string{idpCertPEM}},
                    },
                },
            },
        },
    }
}

// Initialize SAML Service Provider
func InitSAMLSP() (*samlsp.Middleware, error) {
    cert, key, err := loadCertificate("sp-cert.pem", "sp-key.pem")
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    sp := saml.ServiceProvider{
        EntityID: "https://myservice.example.com/metadata",
        Key:      key,
        Certificate: cert,
        AssertionConsumerServices: []saml.Endpoint{
            { Binding: saml.HTTPPostBinding, Location: "https://myservice.example.com/saml/acs" },
            { Binding: saml.HTTPRedirectBinding, Location: "https://myservice.example.com/saml/acs" },
        },
        SingleLogoutServices: []saml.Endpoint{
            { Binding: saml.HTTPPostBinding, Location: "https://myservice.example.com/saml/logout" },
            { Binding: saml.HTTPRedirectBinding, Location: "https://myservice.example.com/saml/logout" },
        },
        NameIDFormat: saml.EmailAddressNameIDFormat,
        IDPMetadata:  getIDPMetadata(),
    }

    return &samlsp.Middleware{ServiceProvider: sp}, nil
}


3️⃣ middleware.go – Session Management
This file stores and retrieves the original request using Gorilla Sessions.
📝 middleware.go
go
package main

import (
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "github.com/gorilla/sessions"
)

var sessionStore = sessions.NewCookieStore([]byte("super-secret-key"))

// Store the original request URL in session
func storeOriginalRequest(c *gin.Context) {
    session, _ := sessionStore.Get(c.Request, "saml-session")
    session.Values["original_request"] = c.Request.URL.String()
    session.Save(c.Request, c.Writer)
}

// Retrieve the original request URL from session
func getOriginalRequest(c *gin.Context) string {
    session, _ := sessionStore.Get(c.Request, "saml-session")
    if originalURL, ok := session.Values["original_request"].(string); ok {
        return originalURL
    }
    return "/"
}


4️⃣ auth_middleware.go – Authentication Middleware
This middleware will:

Store the original request before authentication.
Redirect back to the original request after login.

📝 auth_middleware.go
go
package main

import (
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "github.com/crewjam/saml/samlsp"
)

// Gin middleware for authentication
func authMiddleware(samlMiddleware *samlsp.Middleware) gin.HandlerFunc {
    return func(c *gin.Context) {
        storeOriginalRequest(c)
        samlMiddleware.RequireAccount(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
            originalRequest := getOriginalRequest(c)
            c.Redirect(302, originalRequest)
        })).ServeHTTP(c.Writer, c.Request)
        c.Abort()
    }
}


5️⃣ main.go – Gin Web Server
This file initializes the Gin server and registers the routes.
📝 main.go
go
package main

import (
    "log"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
    "github.com/crewjam/saml/samlsp"
)

func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    
    samlMiddleware, err := InitSAMLSP()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to initialize SAML SP: %v", err)
    }

    // Secure route
    r.GET("/hello", authMiddleware(samlMiddleware), func(c *gin.Context) {
        user, _ := samlsp.SessionFromContext(c.Request.Context())
        c.String(200, "Hello, "+user.(samlsp.Session).GetNameID()+"!")
    })

    // Register SAML routes
    r.Any("/saml/*action", gin.WrapH(samlMiddleware))

    log.Println("Gin server started at :8000")
    r.Run(":8000")
}